Wijaya, Wijaya, Faisal Razak, and Nurul Huda. “The Evolution of the Concept of Caliphate in Islamic Political History: Case Studies from Classical to Contemporary Times”. Journal of Noesantara Islamic Studies 1, no. 6 (March 7, 2025): 379–391. Accessed July 5, 2025. https://www.journal.ypidathu.or.id/index.php/ijnis/article/view/1435.